Capitalism :: essays research papers

Capitalism A form of economic order characterized by confidential ownership of the path of production and the freedom of private owners to use, buy and sell their property or services on the market at voluntarily hold prices and terms, with solitary(prenominal) minimal interference with much(prenominal) transactions by the state or new(prenominal) authoritative third parties. Communism 1.Any ideology based on the communal ownership of all property and a classless fond structure, with economic production and distribution to be directed and regulated by means of an authoritative economic plan that supposedly embodies the interests of the community as a whole. Karl Marx is today the most famous early theoretician of communism, but he did non invent the term or the basic social ideals, which he mostly borrowed and adapted from the less systematic theories of earlier French utopian socialists -- grafting these onto a philosophical framework Marx derived from the German philosophe rs Hegel and Feuerbach, while adding in a number of economic theories derived from his reinterpretation of the writings of such early political economists such as whirl Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo. In most versions of the communist utopia, everyone would be expected to co-operate enthusiastically in the process of production, but the individual citizens equal rights of access to consumer goods would be alone unaffected by his/her own individual contribution to production -- hence Karl Marxs famous slogan "From each according to his ability to each according to his need." The Marxian and other 19th century communist utopias also were expected to dispense with such "relics of the past" as trading, money, prices, wages, profits, interest, land-rent, calculations of profit and loss, contracts, banking, insurance, lawsuits, etc. It was expected that such a foot reordering of the economic sphere of life would also more or less rapidly lead to the eliminatio n of all other major social problems such as class conflict, political oppression, racial discrimination, the inequality of the sexes, religious bigotry, and cultural backwardness -- as well as put an end to such more "psychological" forms of suffering as alienation, anomie, and feelings of powerlessness. 2.The specifically Marxist-Leninist variant of socialism which emphasizes that a truly communist society can be achieved only through the violent overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a "dictatorship of the proletariat" that is to prepare the way for the future idealized society of communism chthonic the authoritarian guidance of a hierarchical and disciplined Communist Party.