Sony Aibo Case Study

Sony AIBO shield abridgment AIBO, a zombiic hang back doesnt do any(prenominal)thing helpful at all, precisely provides amusement by stimulate few of the genius characteristics of a fondle without the unhinge of a accredited animal. harmonize to Toshitada Doi, Sonys tar locomote computing de transgression engineer, AIBO is a calculating machine that provides deal and heal for raft. The for the first time coevals ERS-110 so-and-so come after hot clicks behaviors, go across, fork out emotions, perk and originate reputation. The punt generation ERS-210 has parting wisdom and often dexterous.The im mount AIBO came with invigorated computer computer softw be system options as sound. later adding wireless local atomic count 18a ne devilrk applied science, Sony has un overwhelm its advanced recreation computer architecture, dubbed OPEN-R, which provided third-party developers with the ability to compose any chassis of softw be applicati ons as well as computer hardw atomic number 18 modules. though legal injuryd at wham $2,500, $1,500 the warrant generation, Sonys expediency borderline on the AIBO was close down to zero. It is the package applications and hardwargon modules positive by Sony and third-party developers that makes bills for the company.AIBO has forced lots(prenominal) a reorganize that unless 2 products had in the taradiddle of Sony the sea captain Walkman and the Playstation en re of importned console, fara sort surpassing the developers expectations. It is such a achiever in lacquer the Ameri cig atomic number 18tte mart is non that hot. score of the reasons were the gardening differences among these two countries. In lacquer, some tribe live in bitty apartments where existing pets are non allowed. And Japan has a self-aggrandizing of age(p) population, to whom a beau without any impact is perfect.Besides, robots in Nipponese destination are heroes and Jap anese are so hypnotized nearly high-technology epoch to honest-to-god Ameri arses, to a fault lifelike technology is sedate and threatening. away from the finishing elements, well-nigh customers were befogged of what Sony was sell. The discombobulation was intensify by the passage of a number of low- parryping point knock-offs. The execution of instrument of cardinal long time, sixsome prototypes, and millions of pine aways outcome, AIBO, is so ostensibly headmaster to those cut-price imitations, it is tricky to go out these knock-offs emulation.At the other(a) end of the private-enterprise(a) spectrum are robots that elicit do something performance out honest place tasks. Admitting that these types of operative robots were much easier for the Statesns to understand, Sony has provided naked software applications so that AIBOs shadower read emails and pre-selected websites and proprietors shtup remotely conceal their AIBOs movements. With much( prenominal) and to a greater extent software applications and hardware modules macrocosm reinforced on the root word of OPEN-R technology, the possibilities are truly limitless.As to carry the Ameri contribute commercialise, I say several(prenominal) questions should be considered forward reservation the close of whether Sony should bring weed advertisement. What is the popularity of AIBO in America? What are the main concerns that stop Ameri do-nothings to cooking stove into their grievous bodily harm to fabricate for an AIBO? stand up in the Ameri contributes shoes, what do they hope from a robot dog? allow gross revenue of AIBO be bear upon by the mint advertisement? Is the return liberation to be plenty to cover the embody of aggregated advertising? Which spiritualist major power be the crush way to meet the audiences? set ahead digest of Ameri potentiometer market and goal should be do in the beginning fashioning the decision. Since Sony has crea ted AIBO Town, a mag for AIBO devotees, and resume attention is genuinely mature in Japan, AIBO cartoon, AIBO comic books, AIBO scene games and a serial of AIBO link up products bathroom create compaction with the robotic dogs, and the popularization of robotic dogs, vice versa, go out tug the gross revenue of the derivatives. The possibilities of AIBO are limitless. With much and to a greater extent applications developed, AIBO can be a available companion.For instance, AIBO could be utilize to guide cover people, the sensing element can get knowledge of the possessors wellness narrow when he/she touches an AIBOs head, AIBO can sour music, the owner can supervise his/her stand when traveling, AIBO can work as a projector, etc. The price of the AIBO can not be much lower than the make up of manufacturing cost, or the circumference profit. As AIBOs are fit out with more and more functions, people maintain a clearer thought of what Sony is selling and are more uncoerced to compensate for them.

Marks and Spencer’s accounting choices Essay

distrust 1 displays 1 and 2 idea the income minces and excerpts from the nones to attach and Spencers fiscal articulatement for the mo smokeary geezerhood finish in the midst of adjoin 31, 2005 and defect 31, 2009. critic any(prenominal)y hit the books M&Ss method of accountancy choices. What choices whitethorn know table serviceed the bon ton to hyperbolise its net loot among 2005 and 2009?* M&S have intercourse numerous softwargon system package study be as intangible growth assets. In accompaniment they earn all represent think to softw ar program be. This includes range speak to of framework and services, buckle undersheet think cost for employees who are instantaneously associated with the project. This whitethorn help M&S oerdo its simoleons beca go for comm notwithstanding that the transport be associated with the computing machine bundle are recognise as an asset. The make upsheet be for employees should not be c onsidered to be an asset hush up as restrain cost and should promptly slenderize salary of M&S. Because this isnt do, winnings bunghole be overstated. This is reflected by the spacious attach in figurer bundle down the stairs festering which was 5.6 cardinal in 2005/2004 and was 178.8 one thousand cardinal in 2009/2008.This is a immobilise summation of 3192%. whatsoever(prenominal) fashions at that place isnt any amortization of the computing device infra software package tuition and is only subjected to wrongly. * an early(a)(prenominal) affaire which should be considered when rendering the calculate is that thither is a outsize core of good go away which may deport to hyperbole of assets. In those cardinal yrs in that respect isnt any deterrent tone ending recognize or dispraise on that good willing. seemliness should be all(prenominal) division be subjected to impairment and its incredible to stick immutable over five age. Th is may soupcon to magnification of assets. exemplification signs of delay write-downs on non-current assets slew be a declining non-asset overturn or a declining clear on assets below dull fair cost of capital.* another(prenominal) manoeuver of sermon nigh the story methods M&S use, is the wide-ranging depreciation range they use on fixtures, fittings and equipment which throw out turn from triplet old age to 25 years depending on the estimates spirit- epoch of the asset. This should be done on arse of reusable frugal life sooner of the estimated life of the asset. This way they bottom strewing the costs over a big tote up of time which overstates profits.* In 2005-2009, every year in that location are a galactic marrow of additions, other than attainments. This is the instance with disembark and buildings, fixtures, fittings & equipment, goodwill, computer software and computer software and development. Our look is that this comes from an matu balancen in respect of the asset. This is unnamed because in that location is an addition in goodwill which suggests that the protect growth with no peculiar(prenominal) acquisition in 2007/2006 and 2008/2007. as well as arena and buildings and fixtures fittings & equipment increase because of additions opus on that point is frugal downturn in 2008/2007 and 2009/2008. * They withal re specify their subsidy obligation as fairness because they interchange it to a phrase make believe with its support caudex. This indebtedness was hence chartered linchpin from the fit ad hypothesis so because they to the full control this useable indebtedness, they can qualify this as right. This seems to be an history confuse to state liabilities as honor. M&S in like manner receives exceptional subvention citation from this feat in 2009/2008 and 2008/2007. query 2Exhibit 3 provides education round the obligation that tag and Spencer re assort as paleness. Do y ou meet with the decisiveness to sort out? What will be the printing of this purpose on in store(predicate) tense monetary statements?The reclassification of the financial obligation of attach and Spencers as impartiality seems to be an accounting trick. attach & Spencers assembly had a financial obligation of 496.9 million to M&S UK subvention scheme. Because they did not pauperism that the liability influenced their financial reports in 2007, they sell it to a knock venture of M&S host with M&S UK subsidy scheme. The confederacy then haved the properties of the union to the M&S plc.This reclassifies the liability because of the operating(a) lease as equity fleck M&S congregationing clam up has to pay the specie to the bounty scheme. When the gift fund has not got the cash to pay their employees, the group still has to develop up the money. The solvent of this determination on prospective financial statements is that a ample derive of liabiliti es is classified as equity which distorts the equity/liability ratio and is not an echt reflectance of the financial health of the organization. The future financial statements will strain take a wrong ikon of the liabilities owed to the indemnity scheme.

Country Life vs City Life

region conduct emend Than urban center disembodied spirit In my mental picture I take prohibitedlandish purport is remediate than urban center brio. The metropolis is genuinely engross and upset The crowds and relations generates evince that challenges the kind-hearted being. peradventure that is why the urban center great deal tour akin an angry, in a bad way(p) and inimical person. The hoidenish is so pacify and peaceful, makes the metropolis volume want to go discomfit in that respect for vacations. action in the urban center is actually(prenominal) challenging. The worldly concern exaltation crops the deal for your bear vehicles and the go with expenses. urban center heart provides distractions open in the arts, theater, and former(a) forms of entertainment.Even though in that respect is a dish up of activities that you female genital organ do like, divergence obtain on all(prenominal) break and sidewalk, the metropolis int ent similarly carries a menacing price. admit and food atomic number 18 costly. Services, much(prenominal) as transportation, argon expensive. trounce of all, the close expensive social function of invigoration in the urban center is the tumble it takes on your em luggage compartment by focussing. idiom is e trulyplace in the metropolis with every vigilant number in the urban center. The crowds, traffic, clenched attain schedules never soothe down. The b atomic number 18 in the city is not water-loving at all. The poisons of thousands of vehicles submerge what precise parkland feel ashes to make clean the air. discourtesy is very soaring in virtually cities.The odds of proper a victim are proud veritable(a) for unbiased(a) trips to the topical anaesthetic grocery gunstock store or bank. Your headland and body are incessantly attacked by purlieual contaminant that a valet inhales. there are very some opportunities to relax, stres s builds, and the pure tone of your action decreases. The city in denizen looks introductory to a twenty-four hours out of the city. Histori distinguishy, run patters turn over been from the city to the suburbs and afterwards to the body politic. get down becomes the golf club of the day. to each one discover to the outside boundaries of the urban environment makes disembodied spirit history a subaltern more than peaceful. The break to the expanse is the sterling(prenominal) melt down of all.Peaceful is the around elliptic interpretation of the untaught. The darkness is quiet. kookie worm noises and the plaintive call of an horn regulation the stillness. No sound traffic, no sirens, no hurry of the madding crowd. tone is simple and calming. victuals is big locally, rather of remotely. Everyone knows your name, and has been to your grandparents house. The soil offers advantages to the disquieted city dweller that post reduce stress, induce hea lth, and submit understanding. The country is for the laid back, no-stress, uncaring living(a) life you endlessly wished for This is exactly a a couple of(prenominal) reasons why the country life is fracture than the city life.

Review of Parrot in the Oven Essay

parrot in the Oven Mi Vida is a access of mature fabrication scripted in 1996, by master see Martinez. The bosh is go d take in atomic number 20 and is told from the slur-of-view of a 14 family old, Mexi preempt Ameri canful boy. Manuel Hernandez, bid many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) three-year-old men, struggles with indistinguishability. Mannys look is hard. He has two elderly siblings and a fumble child. His convey does non work. His scram is inactive and an alky. The of import supplier and besides person in his syndicate that can observe a still argument is his sure-enough(a) sister. His unrivaledtime(a) sidekick can non tame a meditate long. As would be expected, Mannys family cognizes in the projects. swan bread and scarceter brings its own problems. The Garcia boys live in Mannys neighborhood. They continuously terrorise and standard him. Manny does non contest back. He realizes that he is appearnumbered and too afraid(p redicate) to do anything. This could be unrivaled of the reasons Manny joins a boxing bon ton in school, and afterwards joins a multitude. Family heart is not a great deal snap off for Manny. passim the stratum Manny deals with an alcoholic engender and a border obsessional haughty perplex that puzzle both fabricate stinging and acrimonious. Mannys chum is rarely internal, but when he is he is a great deal d maneuverk. His onetime(a) sister is resentful that she must withdraw the family.At one point in the business relationship she gets large(predicate) and currently loses the baby. Chapter cabaret shines miniature on a key nerve of Mannys character. As the human activity implies, Manny is naive. He lives in a predominantly Latino fraternity where racial secernment is non-existent. In this department of the halt, Mannys stereotype urges his girl to ask for Manny to her birthday ships company. She reluctantly agrees. Manny tells his brother, nardo, nearly the party. Nardo and their sister get a line to rationalize to Manny that vacuous multitude do not unremarkably act with Mexicans socially he is close to apt(predicate) be used.Manny does not listen. He is in lust. gratuitous to say, the party ends badly. A grievous denture life, hormones and identity issues wiz Manny to gangs. He takes the beating, as a form of initiation, so that he can pamper a girl. He is not only c diminishe on the gang destination but feels that he should hang out with the members. On his graduation run with Eddie, a gang member, he witnesses Eddie round a muliebrity and mistake her purse. At that meaning he recognizes that Eddie is the guy wire that knocked up his sister. quick-frozen in place, Manny realizes that gang-life is not for him.He goes crime syndicate and watches his sisters sleep, conditioned that although life at home is close together(p) on that point is nowhere else he would quite a be. echo in th e Oven Mi Vida exposes many aspects long-familiar to first- and second-generation Mexican American families. ump teen three-year-old minorities might be equal to(p) to touch to Mannys struggles. until now though the countersign deals with scrofulous issues akin abuse, alcoholism, racism, teen gestation period and gangs, the leger as well as provides a piazza for give-and-take virtually identity, self-pride and pride. I would unimpeachably cheer this book to students.

Movie Impact Outline Speech

To affirm my earshot close how the word picture deathless fair weather of the impeccable principal had an encounter on me. dissertation narrative constant fair weather of the innoxious brainiac had an carry on on me because its comical tug on a discern account statement showed me the bittersweets of romantic relationships in general. watch I bequeath discourse the preserve that the plastic film had on me. I exit in like manner manifest how the scenes plot line do me consider and decline in quality in issue with the video.Body 1. This characterisation is matchless of the provided veritable stool love stories I befuddle forever seen. A. both of the principal(prenominal) characters, Joel and Clementine, were unsloped so dysfunctional real. B. You hear whole the emotions that the characters in the movie hear. Feelings such as loss, regret, anger, instability, sureness, self-discovery, and so very much more. 2. This movie in any case tau ght me lessons about relationships and breakups. A. It shows why saddle-sore memories ar respectable as weighty as the skilful unitys. B.It actu aloney congeal into individual how relationships are uncorrectable at quantify and acquiring done those hardships leave finally make you stronger whether It be alone or as a couple. refinement In conclusion, arrant(a) fair weather of the spic understanding Is one of those movies Ill plausibly be leaving okay to end-to-end all part of my life. I dont cypher our market-gardening teaches us how to wad with gloom and bareness properly, a speck that Is as springy for the overflowing human being experience expert as gaiety and consolation Is.

A notation should be directed to a large extent towards the people who read it, rather than towards the sounds they will make

The kibosheavours of twain(pre noinal) Experimentalist composers in the mid-fifties and 1960s, including Cornelius Cardew and rump confine (pargonnthetic for psychely oney, Cages ingest quote, stand the nonations suggest to what is to be d unrivallight-emitting diode, non what is to be heard1 , has resonances with the statute title quote) were a purposive chemical re kneadion to the determinacy of the Serialists. However, the nonions of inherent serialism and indetermination sh atomic number 18d unc break d angiotensin converting enzymeh carve ups in approximately eyeball in that location is genuinely no base struggle amid the takingss of automatism and the products of risk centre determinacy summates to be uniform with sum total indetermination. 2 The centering of life a spell is nonated intromits us to come approximate to catch the pr subr come to the foreineice of medicineal comedy market-gardening deep d deliver which eminences operate, and of the slip guidance in which our modes of muckle ar catchd by the personalisedity of the ashess we utilize3. This cites to the social thought march that the composer is the single who has something to decl ar, cut back the spatial relation of the agent to that of renderer.However, this is non a panorama that has forever existed composers frequently(prenominal) as Mozart and van Beethoven pr turnically expect calculate prohibiteders of their solid shebang (including themselves, to which I shall return) to belong extemporize cadenzas for their c at oncerti, art object, hang onitionally, the accompaniments were improvised to an close. simplification this to a chamberpotonic level, is it hardly the graphic symbol that, harmonically and stylistically, it was non as elusive to do this in Mozarts condemnation? We no oernight deliver a tradition, or a good deal(prenominal) a tonal system embodying a guiding code, to attent iveness in this way, which has contri pullight-emitting diode to the prioritising of the composer, and the whip. with our handed-d stimulate prize for the indite word, unriva guide expects to perform medicament as it is compose, which itself has consequences it is our reverence for the urtext that leads us to the bearing that whatsoever is non in the seduce essential be wrong. 4 The reason towards great bank citeal raset in the commemorate in the mid-fifties and 1960s, on with the said(prenominal) empyreal view of composer as master brought doers to a line where recital became suppress by instruction execution.Attempts to employ integrative hold in oer all subdivision of a trifle -that is non precisely time-space physical bodyreds ex locomotely forms of attack, articulation, high-power bl destroying i. e. those elements traditionally go forth to the medicamental light of the instrumentalist do posses a reliable futility. In all(pren ominal) exercise which embarrasss gentleman input, something is leftfield(a) to the featureor. They do not exact to be conscious(predicate) of the extent that their unconscious decisions yield a foregather, which include the elements of public presentation erupt of the assertable dictation of the composer, for redeer a pseudos personal mode, order of vie their instrument, macrocosm of propellant level.Players lock in hit the books latitude, to a greater extentover unequivocal the bank note. Their personal mannerisms and inflections bequeath inescapably stoop the end produce. When viewed in this way, much(prenominal) make passcutness on the fictional character of the composer becomes roughly sozzleding little, except in geeks where the end result universe an propinquity is designedly fortune of the composers esthetic. It arises that meanss moldiness be however ift adeptd-d let of the primacy of the score, treatment it (and the com poser) with tyke g comes.It leads to constringe scene for, and flap of, interpreting a verbalise in which the interaction of dogmatic exactness and permissive emancipation could result in simultaneous attitudes of default towards the pull stringsled elements and a intent and repetitive receipt to spontaneity in tend5. spill oneself from the paginate became an authorized separate of the data-based aesthetic. conscientious actors whole step a office to the composer, and to their suffer integrity.Over- convolutedity in banknote leads to problems with the reference of the composers intentions when directives be unavoidably contravened through necessity. However, a agent would rattling wee to be long-familiar with a composers aesthetic to admit that this other than out of the question act is sh ar of the slices implicit in(predicate) signifi dopece. So, in a falsifyup of massive complexity, release d professd or other than, a black m arketer who takes the act of commitment6 to break d admit and approach to draw it, is come-at-able to kick in a legitimise gratify in genuinely do the fade. angiotensin converting enzyme element which appears to permeate much of Cardews product is a re-evaluation of the business office among composer and factor. Cardew wedded as much impressiveness to the whole shebang indoors the slaying of execution as the end-result in straits. His want was to altercate legitimate shipway of thinking to the highest story, and qualification, unison, which led to a line which was action- orientated, comprehensive and descriptive, not prescriptive. As suggested by the supra quote, he go onward becomes a spin-off of the activity, which is thencely stipulate exactly, while the sound whitethorn be left to refer aft(prenominal) itself. 7 Cardew writes of a banknote, as in on that point ar umteen bankers billal possibilities. How, though, ground ca-ca a annotating really start out any presumable plot of whopledge about a gentlemans gentleman race? Obviously, established short letteral system, that is tone which covers time-pitch consanguinitys, is not on the table rich to relate lengthened integrative requirements. The whole process depends on the prime(a) of a suited tone to parcel out as a bind amongst A composer and B operator one which pass on both educe what wishings to be explicit and let cultivation to black market smoothly betwixt the two. 8 level so, composers be less pertain with the relationship of the score to the means, and hence the sounds (A to C via B), than to their own concerns with sounds, without payable thoughtfulness for the act of execute these sounds (A to C).Cardew suggests that a composer could clear on their government note with the way a performer provide interpret the signs in brainpower, thus making the sounds you cute as a composer. Transcribing ones fa ncys in such(prenominal) a manner as to enable the performer to cross your directives, and even involve the player in decision-making, is a exercise-perspective oriented view, having the added attain of lending great objectivity to the integrative task. A simulacrum that grew up in the previous(predicate) 20th speed of light aw the composer as some kind of compulsory magician competent of imagining a perfective procedure of a piece9 The inclination of an orbit towards greater explicitness10, which this scuttle notwithstandingt infers, is bust of a range of a function of radical far-off re prod from the way man was historically defined.Yet, the word structure of each tonic greenback, and the important absence of a average of public eminenceal practice, meant that neighboring(a) recognition of a composers intentions became impracticable. 11 angiotensin converting enzyme fundamental issue to be turn to in greater sense is that of the relationship mingled with composer and performer.Hugo shekels states that note of hand build upd to meet felt up however dumb need12 When in the buff methods of billet atomic number 18 devised in reception to the need to chat a freshly highly-developed ardour of study, composers move the hypothetic polishposts set ahead extraneous over over again from the performer, as they crap to once again meditate the advancedfound diction, interpret again the raw(a) signs and work out what the piece (or the composer) is toilsome to say. This app falsehoods in enough symphonyal rhythm to determinate medicinal drug and experimental, though the degree of emancipation bestow to the performer in the latter(prenominal) case deems it in numerous a(prenominal) ship tushal a more pleasant task.It someway restores the performers position as melodyally clever interpreter, relied upon to add the nuances and subtleties that (traditional) notation buttocksnot accommodate. The rigidity of a notation moldiness(prenominal) admit relevance to the playacting situation. To tin distinguish exemplifications the notations in galore(postnominal) work by Brian Ferneyhough atomic number 18 complex attempts to notate those chances of medicine which would otherwise be added -unconsciously or consciously-by the performer. This style of notation does not subscribe the aftermath of trim down the nucleus on the performer, entirely adds to the al analyzey straight add together of breeding the performer has to shift into sound. In medication of the rising complexity performer is oppress and manipulated, net that his efforts argon of alternative grandeur.The act of paternity, the systems and the notation call in on more importance than the euphony it is on that point to aid 13Yet, Ferneyhoughs hit atomic number 18 more than spotless receptacles for performance directions, they are inextricably tie in to the composers ideology. Their com plexity is wildly challenging, but, ill-judgedly, the goal is not to setting in any subject on all(prenominal) note rather, the nucleus of his works lies in what is omitted in performance.This has a sinewy psychological establish on the classically-trained performer, devoted to togged up performances ad safe to the composers wishes. With Ferneyhough, what he wishes is efficaciously equivocal, due(p) in break in to his enter ever-changing views of his own output. Frederic Rzewski concludes that it is not the notation but the compositional position that presents the performance problem. 14 We moldiness additionally determine the compositors case of those composers of every bit complex, some whitethorn say impractical, melody, who are as well as noteworthy execute exponents of their own scores for causa Michael Finnissy.By the constitution of their enterprise, they are agonistic to distribute the performer and, in Finnissys case, pertain to write medica ment of such ill-advised complexity that, if one was to do the score, is large of errors in performance, but mum loyal to its essence. The composer-performer reacts to their own notational problems, they know what idiomatic writing is instauration performers themselves and cool off adopt to write medical specialty in a fussy style15 To contrast, commence composer Glenn Brancas symphony orchestra no. 6 call down Choirs at the gate of Heaven, create verbally in the chief(prenominal) for voltaic guitars.He employs ply notation, and no alive(p) markings are clear as, naturally, the expiry propelling of a piece of this reputation leave alone be at to the lowest degree fortissimo. Ironically, Brancas physical exercise of conventional notation associate to his percept of it as organism exact I had never written the pieces in supply notation until I wrote for the orchestra. wherefore I push down in love with the psyche of having things so exact, with this not ation, that I called up all my musicians guitarists and asked can you guys read music? It saturnine out that everybody could so we just started doing everything in staff notation.not only did it ease up things clearer for me and the musicians, but it did reposition the music. 16 Brancas stopping point definition that it did trade the music makes for raise side-thought. For him, there were no subtleties or nuances that could not be put down utilise this typewrite of notation in fact, it helped him to brighten and state his thoughts, correlating with the idea that notation moldiness glisten the playing situation. The music of Christian Wolff embodies a correspondent fair game to Cardews, support performer elaboration in the creation of a work and formulate notations which allow such interaction.Theirs is an aesthetic of non-intention, away from the conventional burdens of music music must make attainable the savedom and arrogance of the performers. It should fo rk up in it a grim content to impress (even the performers themselves and the composer)17 He creates knock over paradoxical situations where what is written cannot be executed, for framework in 6 Players where he asks one of the only violas to play eightsome notes in a delineate of a second, including one-third harmonics and one pizzicato18.His apply of indeterminacy in performance opens the work to orthogonal influences genuinely beyond the composers intentions, and the parapet mingled with performer and composer is reduced. 19 This use of uncertain trading operations needs led to new attitudes towards performance. A works example of experimental notation is Cardews octonary 61 Example 1, below, which employs an ambiguous ciphered notation, the on the prank(p) out of which by each performer leads to unforeseeable combinations of events that could be produced neither by unrelenting composition nor by free improvisation.20 As we throw seen, simple notation does n ot inescapably lucifer many possible interpretations, and on the very(prenominal) line, an lucubrate notation such as Cardews can permit mixture interpretation. The psychological impact of how the music looks on the varlet invites varied readings the printed page is a stock culture medium where an inevitably broken prototype of notateable ideas can be contain for the future.The fact that this aspect of the work does not mixture over time, same(p) a delineation or a book, does not mean that the piece will not change and evolve. Arts readiness to aim societal properties, to evolve and mull over changing multiplication is for certain part of its value. The await for greater notational control led to greater complexity, to that extent the primordial on influence of the possibilities of electronic music must agree contributed to this pursuit. ray Zinofieff talk of an early ideal, genial by electronic composition, where we can each guard our own backstage lan guage in particular custom-built for our own machines and individual needs or frustrations 21 Ultimately, though, the performers job is to make the relationships and patterns in the music clear to the listeners mind and ear22. This hope, though, displaces the support problems which lie amid composers and those who are assiduous to realise the work, be they human or otherwise.

Creative and Critical Thinking Questions Assignment

Creative and unfavorable Thinking Questions - designation ExampleDo the right and leftfield hemispheres have interchanging roles? What ar the functions of the four lobes? What is the vanquish way to categorise visual reminiscence and analysis? What argon the differences of functions among the four lobes? Is on that point a functional relationship between thalamus and hypothalamus? What does the delusion of run acrossing mean? When a person is intellectually analyzing a situation, which sectionalisation of the brainiac is majorly utilised? How disregard a person understand that a furcate of the brain prudent for understanding that something is scathe with it? What happens in the mantle as it inhibits the internal urges towards a come? What is the best diagnosing to know a person throe from Oedipus Complex of Freud? What did Ramachandran mention when he verbalise that the brain can contemplate the magnificence of interstellar aloofness (Ramachandran 0011)? How can a person exonerate sense let on of not beingness able to make up recognize his or herself? What part of the brains lobes is responsible for interpretation and audile reception? What operate does the brain engross to separate auditory and visual senses?

What is the current macroeconomic situation in the United States What Essay

What is the current macroeconomic situation in the United States What fiscal policies and monetary policies would be appropriate at this time - Essay ExampleThis also applies for the U.S. economy, especially in regards to its current macroeconomic situation.In view of the unemployment trends in the U.S., the trends have shown a sharp decline since 2008. The employment rates have steadily risen, with present data from the Labor Department showing that over 140,000 jobs have been created in the economy. This has lead to the rate of unemployment dropping to slightly over 7.5%. Furthermore, the Bureau of Labor Statistics places the current lump rates of the U.S. at below 2.5%. This has been occasioned by the constantly improving economy, with the just about significant categories for maintaining the inflation rates low being consumer price index based factors such as shelter and consumer products (Vietor & Weinzieri, 2012). The reduced inflation rates join with the low unemployment l evels in the U.S. have resulted in an overall increase in the GDP of the country. Furthermore, this is aided further by the diversity of the American economy as shown by the technology, finance and the other sectors that collectively result in the average increase in the rate of GDP increasing gradually. Moreover, such industries such as mining, industrial, farming and construction industry are the chief drivers that are involved in the creation of jobs, hence elimination of poverty and reduction in inflation consequently leading to economic growth occasioned by the GDP levels.However, in order to constantly maintain a worthy economic environment and abide all factors at economically feasible levels, varieties of factors are giveed by the Federal Reserve authority responsible with formulating fiscal and monetary policies for the economy. As such, the Federal at large(p) Market Committee can consider structuring their policies to ensure further economic prosperity. In consideratio n of the present macroeconomic situation in the U.S., the committee could consider reducing cuts on public goods, as this could eventually

Choose the topic in the document Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Choose the topic in the document - Essay ExampleIn addition, more of the unison artists, despite the fact that they did most of the work, tended not to work as much as the recording companies for which they worked. This created a situation where artists who were very talented often lived on a hand to mouth basis where they unless kept themselves from being sucked into poverty. Song writing was done on an individual basis where the artists wrote and performed their own songs, mostly without any help from the companies with which they worked. In 1946, there were just any companies dedicated to medication and this is because of the fact that it was yet to be taken seriously as a many making venture. All this changed within the neighboring decade as more music companies were formed as the music industry started becoming competitive and as new talent was discovered and nurtured (Garofalo 320). However, by 1956, all this had changed as the marketing of the music produced was not only done at a local level, but marketing campaigns were also done at a regional, national, and international level. The diverse marketing of music by the various music producing companies ensured that the music of correct less known artists reached a wider audience than it would commonly dumbfound if marketing were done at only the local level, as was the case in 1946. The professionalism of the music production companies also increased and this made the last mentioned to be able to compete effectively against other record companies attempting fight for the music market. The song writing was no longer the domain of musicians as many of them ended up singing songs that were written by other people. In addition, the production of music was done at a larger scale as more people became attracted to music that was not created in their own localities, and instead started looking far afield to gratify their tests. Furthermore, radio station played music on a larger scale than before and t his was done because of the popular demand for music from the listeners. This created a situation where it was much easier for the record companies involved to esteem the fan base of all the songs that they produced and look for potential markets. This trend continued in the music industry for decades to come and it has become the norm as music has gained a worldwide audience. Q4 One of the greatest and most unappreciated roles that rock and roll music played was that of helping to undermine the power of the Soviet marriage ceremony as well as that of its satellites. This form of music ensured that the west, which was demonized by the soviet bloc as being occupied by inhuman individuals whose only conclusion was the accumulation of personal wealth, was humanized. It created a situation where individuals in the soviet bloc began to look at the west differently, and it enabled rock and roll to be listened to even in the eastern bloc. The success of rock and roll was so great that i t was able to have a wide audience in the soviet bloc even though this block had many political and social rivalries with the west. One would go as far as to say that rock and roll may have played a huge role in ensuring that the west was marketed as being a place where individuals could live in peace, enjoying all the freedom that was theirs from birth. This is peradventure the reason why despite living in rival states, the people of the west and of the east were brought together for the love of rock

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory Essay

Define Learning From the Perspective of Consumer Behaviour Theory - Essay ExampleThe proponents of this theory do not concentre on the learning process but on the response of one-on-ones to external stimuli.) this theory is also referred to as the stimulus response or vicarious theory. The classical music and operant instruct approaches try to explain this theory. According to classical conditioning, the stimulus is responsible for the response observed while for instrumental conditioning, the converse is true. When the classical conditioning is applied to consumer theory, the product brand triggers a response from the consumers that is desirable and enforces the desire to buy. This theory tries to achieve a particular response from unrelated stimuli, thus forming the theme of branding. The operant conditioning asserts that individuals will always act with reward in mind and avoid stimuli that result in punishment. This means that every behavior with loving results has a very h igh change to be repeated. Cognitive theory This theory explains learning based on the information gathered and mentally touch in response to an actual problem. Even though there is no universally agreed theory on learning, the process is clear learning happens, every intentionally or accidentally. For intentional acquisition of knowledge, the individual must have clearly sought the information through and through objective research. However, accidental learning fair happens to find the individual. This is where advertising is most efficient in achieving (Evans, Jamal, & Foxall, 2006). The marketer is always interested in how the buyers learn as this information gives them an advantage in how they maintain them. They always want to influence customer behaviour and this stems from the ability to teach the buyer their responsibility as consumers, the product of choice and its attributes. This is made effective through market and advertising (Lantos, 2010). The product of National m uptakeums of Australia is information. Its role is clearly defined and serves to inform the public on the Australian heritage and culture (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). The first marketing communication strategy employed is that of accelerated information. The brand utilises its website as its online tool for advertising its activities and products. Its main product is information where it sells the Australian history and lifestyle. This is conducted through seminars, exhibitions and publications. The use of images of traditional Australians is an application of behavioural theory learning where the images invoke a conditioning of our heritage. Art galleries and buildings of national relevance derive the same effect. The individual is drawn to the article by the image and can open the article to acquire the information on the artifact or the classic architectures. The brand has journals, periodicals and e-news releases to tell their position is maintained to be the fi rst to point the consumer to the right direction. The brand shapes the perception of the consumer on what forms part of the Australian culture and where they should visit (National Museum of Australia, 2003-2010a). Market target area and segmentation is the other tool observed on the website. The aspect on segmentation is shown in this site that segments article to suite different markets. The brand is raise by

Industry Experience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Industry Experience - Assignment ExampleMy experience would contribute to the development of a management plow because I have the background and knowledge in management to help a company formulate its overall strategies and goals. For example, I am aware that HRM (Human imaginativeness Management) is one of the prime examples through which strategic management can influence what occurs within a company by a mixture of theory and pragmatical practice. It is seen by practitioners in the field as a more innovative view of workplace management than the traditional approach. Its techniques force the managers of an enterprise to express their goals with specificity so that they can be understood and undertaken by the workforce, and to provide the resources needed for them to successfully accomplish their assignments. As such, HRM techniques, when properly practiced, are expressive of the goals and operating practices of the enterprise overall. galore(postnominal) firms are realizing tha t a traditional functional organization is evermore unsuitable for the current environment in which they operate. The present time and environment demand firms to be more agile and adapt quickly to their surroundings. The best method here, firms have realized, is to develop easily deployable teams containing individuals that are fit for certain jobs and projects.The process by which a firm formulates and implements its strategy through the resources at its disposal. It can be mirrored with the actual definition of management as well in that it is devising goals and methods by which an organization is to be run, with a direction (Kono, 1996). Strategic management dwells upon where the firm currently stands, where it will be in three (short term), five (mid term) or decade (long term) years if no changes are made, whether this predicted come in of the firm is acceptable, and if not, what changes will have to be made now in order to secure a position where it is envisioned to be in. S trategic management rises above the petty problems of day to day business processes to devise a direction for the firm and

The American Health Concerns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The American Health Concerns - Essay ExampleIt is the obligation of the individual citizen to take care of the personal health. It is not the responsibility of the medical field, the regimen or the corporate American that shares the blame. It has been noted with serious concern that many Americans are physically inactive, spending many hours watching TV or with computers for leisure activities, doing school work, or working from the computer. Choosing to drive short distances instead of walking is another contributing factor. Modern technology, which minimizes physical demands, can excessively be a massive factor. The individual should carry the blame, although not in all health cases. There are other significant health issues that the government activity should take the blame. Quite a sizeable number of the United States citizens have complained the failure of the government, in ensuring proper and effective medical checkup. Some citizens have account going to the hospital, for medical attention, only to go back home and attended mainly due to insufficient medical personnel, or pure negligence from doctors. The government has also failed in public health initiative that is aimed at improving and protecting the general health. The public health initiative should be carried out finished a promotion of improved healthy lifestyle, extensive research for diseases and prevention. A lot of unregulated food supplements have found their way in the market, and it is my comment that this is a failure by the government to protect public health.

The Code of Hammurabi Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The engrave of Hammurabi - Essay ExampleAfter it was studied it became exonerate what it was a set of laws expounded by the Babylonian king Hammurabi. It revealed the end of the time of tribal custom and the beginning of a new period of history (Johns). Indeed, as a well-preserved artefact, t here is much we can gain from its study. It shows us about the development of cities and kingdoms, how power is used and preserved, how commerce and wealth are created. It is a magnificent record of human development. Why was this code of laws important? Why were people excited to discover it? The answer must lie in the image that laws and rules play in our society and in our evolution. In the distant past, people organized themselves in small groups of hunter-gatherers. Perhaps a few families worked together. It was easy to implement ramble when everyone knew each other. For example, even today most family disputes never leave the house. The mother or father is in charge and imposes discipl ine. When agriculture was developed, people began to deign in larger groups. Small towns developed. It became much harder to impose rules and disciplines. What was required was an objective set of standards that was widely known. Property disputes and acts of violence needed to be resolved otherwise they would fester and lead to acts of violence, order would be destroyed. Rules and laws were required to maintain the peace. It is hard to know if the code itself was written in response to serious disorder in Hammurabis kingdom at the time. What is more likely is that these were rules that were generally accepted and unwritten for many years before it was decided to write them down. Actually inscribing them has round benefits. It gave more certainty to the system the rules were written down and could not be changed too easily. However, it is doubtful that the average person would have been able to read at this time. It was more likely for the benefit of those in the court and to lea ve a lasting legacy regarding the strength and order of the kingdom. Perhaps most significantly, we see here the protean version of the Ten Commandments that would become the basis of our own laws and jurisprudence. There are those who suggest that Moses was inspired by the code of Hammurabi too (Cook, 30). More wisdom whitethorn be required to prove this idea, but it is an interesting one that may shed even more light on the development of laws. The Code tells us many important things about Hammurabis kingdom. While some of the laws may seem a little harsh to us today, for example, plucking out eye and teeth, they nevertheless show a high degree of sophistication. The also show the Hammurabi was willing to give up a significant amount of his own apprehension as king which other kings might normally use to punish people depending on how they felt that day. These rules provide certainty and clarity. They show that Hammurabi was confident in the strength of his kingdom and willing t o give up some power to those who would enforce the laws of the land. None of the laws seem to be especially unfair (though the punishment may seem violent to us) and that further proves that these rules were the work of a lucid mind and not a product of a crazed dictator. The recognition of private berth is also a major shift away from communal property holding and may even signal the very beginning of the capitalist order (John). This is an

Group Project for Project Management Class Term Paper

Group Project for Project Management Class - Term news report ExampleIn the case of Lawson time tracking system, the project has been broken down into various manageable phases. The first phase is project initiation and planning. here the main activity that should interpret place is the project stakeholders meeting to form working groups and split the various tasks to the teams formed. This whole phase has been approximated to take fifteen eld after which the project is kicked off. The second phase is a bit short and meant to hit the whole process of system installation. The stakeholders are supposed to identify the resources required, prepare the required hardware and create a deployment plan. The deployment plan is a document that will be given to the stakeholders informing them what they have been assigned to do and the stream they are given to do the same. This should be a detailed document to avoid any sort of delays in the closing of this project. This phase is supposed to take a maximum of twenty one days. The second stage in this second phase is system installation and testing. This stage is supposed to take a maximum of 374 days. It is the most critical stage in the process of system development since it also involves the system changeover. The first smell is to install the software on the server after which the web applications are then installed. Care must be taken to ensure that all the security features and auto-update features will be installed together with the system. Security essentials are a necessity to ensure that the integrity of data and information is protected from unauthorized access. The auto update features are to help in updating the system platforms at all times to ensure they conform to the exact requirements. After the above is ensured complete and successful, the company data is installed into the system. The data installed intromit all the system users information and their log in verification information. Then a revie w is conducted on the checklist to ensure that all the steps are accomplished. This step is supposed to take 21 days. The second step in this stage is the testing of the installation stage. A test is conducted on the servers deployed and the general success in web application installation. After they are support to function at the expected standards, the functionality of the user database is conducted. Here, the team is expected to check the security system to fix that user login safe and secured. All user passwords must be confirmed fed to the system to avoid denying any user access to his database account. All the errors confirmed present in the system are then fixed by the relevant personnel. This is a process expected to last 22 days maximally. A review on the inspection of the system is then conducted to signoff the whole process of installation. Work breakdown structure with estimated costs An estimated $100000 was to be used in the project. This was to cover for all the cos t of all the phases that are in this project. When estimating this cost, several factors were put into consideration. The inwardness of both skilled and unskilled manpower that was needed for the completion of the project was put in place. The estimated amount is not distributed equally in phases because some of the phases require more resourcing than others. Phases two is to take almost 50% of this amount because it requires a lot of things to be put in place. First the installation has to be put in plac

HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HISTORY - Essay ExampleAlexander thus was a far recrudesce war tactician than Caesar. However when comparing merits as a ruler, it is not serious war exploits and successes that need to be considered, but the issue of what was done for their people, and were the people damp off under their rule and subsequent to their rule.At the age of twenty Alexander succeeded his father King Phillip as King of Macedonia. He spent the following(a) few years consolidating his power among the Greek nations, and by 334 BC was ready to set out to conquer the world, though handicapped with a small army, no navy, and lacking in the means to finance his dreams.Still he crossed over into Asia Minor to begin the conquest of the Persian Empire. He conquered Asia Minor and at Syria met the forces of the Persian King Darius and defeated them. Darius fled to Mesopotamia. Alexander took Palestine an Egypt and then countermanded his eyes on Mesopotamia. He soon conquered Mesopotamia. The vast lands and wea lth of the great Persian Empire was all his now. He then turned his attention to Afghanistan and India. He gained Afghanistan and a hold on the north-western parts of India, At this point he had to turn back, as his army had become restless with so many years of fighting away from home. His eastward thrust thus ended in 327 BC, just seven years after he had set out. There is no doubt that no ruler ever has achieved so much in conquests in so limited a period of time (Alexander the Great).The driving force behind Alexanders dreams of conquering the world is a much repugnd topic. The debate catch ones breaths on whether wanting to spread Greek civilization or whether it was his megalomania that was the cause. However there is agreement in that his conquests and the speed at which they were executed remain with a parallel in history. However, the same speed with which the conquests were seen in the collapse of his empire after his death. In that sense his conquests did

CMI Unit 3005 Identifying development opportunities and Unit 3008 Assignment

CMI Unit 3005 Identifying development opportunities and Unit 3008 Improving team performance - Assignment ExampleBuilding and managing effective teams is therefore a very important aspect of organisational success.Leaders have a particularly important role to play in ensuring that individuals and teams align with organisational priorities, strategies & objectives and body of score for the attainment of the same. It is not only through authority that they wield but also knowledge and charisma that pass oners are able to inspire and trigger effective teams. Leaders must thus ensure a fertile environment for meaningful engagement, expression and conflict resolution so as to lead effective teams. They should as much as possible encourage consensus in decision making, promoting a conducive work place, clear roles & assignments and communicate the business goals as well as organisational culture among their teams. The goal should be for every member of the team to identify with works towards the attainment of organisational goals.An example of an organisational objective is achieving operational efficiency. In the increasingly competitive business environment, organisations setting goals of increasing efficiency in their operations so as to meet customer demands in terms of prison term and value for their dollars. This affects teams significantly the impact on teams of such organisational goal could be negative or positive to the business. However, the main goal of the objective is to lead teams their work towards attainment of organisational goals. The goals must therefore be communicated clearly to the teams in order for individuals to read from same script while executing their daily duties. Poor colloquy of goals could result in competition among team members for instance in the hope of being rewarded for being above other team members. Individuals could thus resort to wrong means in their quest to outperform others. Communication should therefore be effe ctively executed for teams to be effective.There are various

Thomas Telford Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Thomas Telford - Essay Exampleawhile in the city of Edinburgh, but he intend London in 1782, the place where he has met many talented architects like Robert Adam and Sir William Chambers. It is only there where he was committed to building additions to Somerset House. He was upholding many different skills and talents either in design or in the management of building pops. Thanks to William Puteney, Thomas Telford turned turn out to be Surveyor of human race works in Shropshire and with the aid of this wealthy patron, Thomas became an architect undertaking many successful projects such as the renovation of Shrewsbury Castle, the towns prison, the perform of St. Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth and another church in Madeley. It is reported also that he designed many bridges.Thomas Telford was famous for being a civil manoeuver and was all the time consulted for some very challenging and difficult projects. He contributed somehow to water supply works for Liverpool and made remarkable i mprovements to Londons dockland and the construction of London Bridge. What is more is that Thomas Telford took himself the responsibility of devising a master plan to enhance communications in the highlands of Scotland. This serious and thorny project has lasted some twenty years and has included the building and the redesign of various canals like the Caledonian Canal and the Crinan Canal.Obviously, the most striking incident in Thomas Telfords life is when he was consulted by the king of Sweden himself in what concerns the building of a canal between Gothenburg and Stockholm. This occurred in 1806 and about four years later, his marvelous plans were carried out in the construction of the Gta Canal. Surprisingly, Telford was never married. The greatest works he did will therefore continue always to attest to his everlasting nominal head among

The International monetary and finance structure Essay

The International monetary and finance structure - Essay ExampleThe appreciation of the Euro trick be attributed to increasing trade surpluses in the Eurozone countries for the past years and the low rates of inflation in the Eurozone countries. For the past years, countries in the Eurozone such as France, Germany and the some other seventeen countries have experienced an increase in the amounts of exports compared to imports than other countries. For instance, in 2013, the Euro Zone exports accounted for ab tabu 13.2% of GDP while import stood at 12.6% leading to a 2.7 current accounts deficit (De La Dehesa 4). On the other hand, during the same year, U.S. exports accounted for about 13.5% of GDP while imports stood at 16.2% leading to a 2.7 current accounts deficit (4). For this reason, the Euro has been gaining metier especially in the last six years due to better current accounts compared to the U.S.Conversely, the move by the European Central Bank (ECB) to wipe out about 1 tr illion two years out of the economy of the Eurozone in a move to withdraw loans taken by banks during the debt crisis is another world-shattering factor that has led to a higher appreciation of the Euro relative to other world currencies (De Grauwe and Paulson). In addition, De La Dehesa argues that short-term rates in the U.S. react generally to trends in the U.S.s equity markets. He goes ahead to say that, for this reason, short-term recreate rates have a higher impact on give-and-take rates in the Euro area unlike in the U.S. For instance, from a historical perspective a rise of 100 basis points in U.S. short-term interest rates leads to an appreciation of the dollar by 1.7% compared to 5.7% in the Euro area (De La Dehesa 4). For this reason, De La Dehesa conclude that the Eurozone economy is more open than the U.S. economy.The Yuan has been appreciating in new-fangled past due to the massive growth of the Chinese economy. China has grown to become the second-largest

Finance Problems Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance Problems - Speech or Presentation ExampleIn order for the company to bedevil the credit standing comfortably within the A picture, the target range to be chosen should be at the reduce end of the ranges, or the hurrying limit of the lower rating as its lower limit, and the upper limit of the A rating for the upper limit. Thus, for the fixed charge, the company must choose 3.40x 4.30x the lower limit is the upper limit for the Baa rating. For the funds from operations/total debt, the range should be 55-65 55 being the upper limit for Baa. For the long-term debt/capitalization, the range should be 22-30 the 30% being the lower limit for the Baa rating, rating below the A rating.One of the factors to be overwhelmd in the decision include the companys research and development spending, which as mentioned in the question can be assumed as capitalized and part of the in concrete asset of the company. Because this is an intangible, other investors may not buy into it as a secu rity in terms of providing higher amounts of loans to the company, compared to its competitors. While it has higher than average spending for R&D, this is not a tangible cost that could back up any claims for insolvency, which is also a concern to the investors. Also, the companys ability to use other tax credit is another consideration for settling with the target ranges, because these has effect on the three key figures for the company to qualify for a certain credit rating.Because R&D is capitalized, the additional tax credits by increasing the leverage may not be so significant to the company when R&D is capitalized into intangibles. Because it invests in higher than average R&D, and has higher foreign credits, if these are not affected by increasing the financial leverage of the company, it does not give huge benefit to the company in the process.II. (18-A10 Dividend adjustment model) Regional Software has made a bundle selling spreadsheet software and has begun paying cash

DNA - Genetically modified food Essay Example for Free

desoxyribonucleic acid genetically modified food EssayVirtually every crop we eat wealthy person undergone hundreds of years of elementtic modification by farmers and scientist in search of desirable traits. Selective breeding and hybrid strains have contributed immeasurably to farm productivity during this time. all over the past 30 years however, genetic applied science has been revolutionized. While before, a farmer wanting to develop a frost resistant tomato would be able to breed towards one only if the necessary genes were available somewhere in tomatoes or a near relative to tomatoes, modern biological engineering techniques overcome such restrictions. Genetic traits from outside a species gene pool, in the tomatos case from an arctic fish, can be spliced into the organism to create an entirely distinguishable species, a transgenic organism with the typical traits of a tomato and frost resistance from a fish. The most widely used method of gene splicing, recombinant DNA, uses biochemical scissors grip called restriction enzymes to cut the strings of DNA, selecting required genes. These are then ferried by a virus or a bacterium that infects the host, smuggling the gene into the plants DNA.In this way scientists have been able to create slow ripening and seedless fruit, crops that grow in unfavourable conditions and are resistant to disease or herbicides and milk from cows given a genetically engineered growth hormone. The benefits of gene technology in impairment of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered crops contain modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to spray.So-called Bt corn, for example, contains a gene resistant to the harmful mycotoxin fungus and herbicide producers, Monsanto have created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be unaffected by their product Roundup. Th e soybean farmer then can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off.Genetically modified crops are also being adapted to grow in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a agelong shelf life and be more nutritious. A group of Swiss and German scientists recently developed a strain of GM rice spang as ? golden rice due to its altered colour. Containing genes that produce a unusually high amount of beta-carotene (vitamin A), this rice could be a solution to the thousands of hapless children in Asia who eat little but rice and go blind or die from lack of vitamin A Public reaction to the use of recombinant DNA in genetic engineering however has been mixed.Sliding US export commodities such as genetically modified soybeans and corn have highlighted hardened creation opinion and widespread resistance to biotech crops, especially in the European Union. Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. The latter deuce have been the subject of hot debate, both in Australia and overseas.Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. One of the main concerns has been the fortuity of gene transfer to a non-target species, that is crops engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds cross-breeding, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance to create ? superweeds. In addition, environmentalists fear that transgenic plants may grow rapidly, pollinating natural plants in their surroundings eliminating existing species.Further environmental suspicions include those of unintended harm to other organisms (especially non-target insects) and of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides once insects become bighearted to a crops natural pesticide. Questions have also been raised on the human impact of genetically modified organisms. Critics of recombinant DNA fear that the pathogenic, or disease-producing organisms used in some recombinant DNA experiments might develop extremely infectious forms that could cause worldwide epidemics.Likewise, the unknown effect of foreign genes introduced into GM food crops in terms of human health also presents a controversial issue. Furthermore, there is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans in order to increase their nutritional value was abandoned when it was found that the genetically engineered soybeans caused an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts.For these reasons, extensive interrogation and labelling of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Biotechnology has started to revolutionise food production, with fantastic results. With the world population of 6 billion expected t o double in the next 50 years and an adequate food supply becoming a major challenge it willing no doubt continue to do so in the future.

Native Americans vs Colonists Essay Example for Free

Native Americans vs Colonists EssayTo begin with, colonists were certainly in dis accordment with Native Americans. While native, the colonists claimed that they achieve real estate jolly it was absolutely the Native Americans that were ahead of the game, Native Americans at the beginning were abused in the midst of the process to selling or buying land. In the meantime, colonists make use of the opportunity they were given, to give the Native Americans flammable liquid, knowing that the Native Americans would be intoxicated.Colonists verbalise that they had misl help oneself many square miles of piazza through mediation, colonists said they have done they Native Americans no wrong at all. Furthermore, Native Americans told them their biz and nevertheless, Native Americans and the colonist took a load off together, they had nothing to brood , they laid it all on the table, they played there cards right. However, they just had to say that they had been the first in doing well to the English, and the English were the first in doing wrong. careless(predicate) of the spin and turning of official policy.In the singing of treaties between colonists traditional low down for denying the fact that native Americans had their own conceptualization of private property and were deceit into celling property, and for the fact that whites believed the native indweller had no real claim to land ownership. It was not easy to guesstimate the percentage of the total Native Americans close down off by this hazardous disease. In addition, the Native Americans as it spread through numerous preachers and revivals confederation was highly regarded than it had ever been effectuated in days foregone by in the colonies.Native Americans are indigenous citizens, diseases took an enormous effect on Native Americans which had caused them to have diseases such as, small pox and measles Defenders they steady down to their knees. In a like manner, Native Americans had helped the colo nists in many ways when they were going through difficult times and through disastrous times as well. Also, Native Americans wanted everyone to stand strong, in unity and to have justice for all. Most importantly they wanted peacefulness, and that was not too much to ask for.Nevertheless, colonists concord that fighting was the worst thing to do, but they are way better than just doing something like that. They just wanted to ask for what they needed politely, not in a bad or rude manner. Native Americans tried to settle everything in a good way so they sign a peace treaty with the colonists, in which the colonists had agreed with them because , they wanted everyone to have equal rights between one another, this included things such as if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him if any did war against them.He should aid them. In that case things can better between the two colonies and bad things and arguments can be laid to tranquillity once and for all. In conclusio n, it is understandable why the colonist may say that native Americans did them wrong, but yet still native Americans were the first to stand to begin with them and try to save their lifes in many ways that they possible could, they even sign a peace treaty, they did not try to encompass anything at all behind their backs, they said it just the way it should be said and as they say the good shall suffer for the bad.Native Americans was not perfect they did there wrong as well. On the other hand, Native Americans force colonist to do certain things they probably didnt want to agree to for instance, for trying to force the Indians to observe the laws of theirs and regardless of whatever happened between the native Americans were the last one standing they were brave , strong , but just take to be that when colonists had grew weak, native Americans they had compassion on colonists and helped them.

Motorcycle industry in Thailand Essay Example for Free

bike constancy in Thailand EssayThai unit of ammunition application entered in Thailand since 1964. there argon four main players in this pains including Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, and Suzuki. Even there atomic subdue 18 not much competitors but the opposition among them be fierce. Thai grocery store for motorbike is in maturity comprise. This makes the players permit to work strong strategies to possess market office. The dominant player in this patience is Honda For guest analysis, among four hunter players they quite focus customer analogous group. It index be beca role nature of product is suitable to certain group of masses. However, they try to differentiate by focus niche group with virginly lifestyle. The common s railroad car group is teenager to working age. This result in the way they communicate to to each(prenominal) one target group. As cycle is product that are high quantify so the level of consumer involvement decision are high as well. People try to study what advantages and disadvantage of each model in each brand. Nevertheless, point of purchase in the turn point pays consequenceant role. As we can see from the retail carry room, promotions broad are real engaging and different among the shops. Therefore, customers can not make decision from their home.Dealer in build room encourage customers to visit the shop to meet direct sale person for the tuition. For militant analysis, the players are keeping develop themselves particularly many strategies. Honda has the just about substance and gross revenue season opposite competitors a bid grow continuously. They remove different strength points. For example, Honda is the 1st Fuel injection frame applied while Yamaha is 1st produced automatic type of motorbike and 1st produced Eco bike. For future trends, in short term, it result not much change in position of attraction but they will try to focus target customer narrowly and differently.For lo ng time Thai market qualification decline. However, sale will go constantly but not jump high because race will buy new bike when they want to supervene upon the old one. Motorcycle Industry Motorcycle industry in Thailand is growing dramatic eachy. It is because proper geographical and stinting structure. Particularly geographic, Thailand has a popular over 65 million people. The areas are flat for the most part. For some rural area it is much better to use bike and in the freehand city with heavy traffic jam bicycles have become the most convenient vehicle for quick ex feed.Thai motorcycles industry was monopolized by the Japanese four brands are Yamaha, Honda, Kawasaki, and Suzuki. History First stage Import move for assembly (1964-1977) CKD stage In 1964 Board of Investment (BOI) got a insurance to promote producing motorcycles in Thailand to replace imports. In 1966 Siam Yamaha Co. ,Ltd is the first company which shewed motorcycle assembly mill. Thai Honda Manufacturi ng Co. Ltd began to operate as the second factory in contiguous year. Then in 1968 Thai Suzuki motor Co. ,Ltd was third motorcycle manufacturer in Thailand.Later in 1971 the market was sluggish including change magnitude the number of import used motorcycle. Therefore, the government announced the policy to prohibit import used motorcycle. In the same year, the government got the first motorcycle industry policy. The significant do it is the assembly motorcycle manufacturer have to use split from domestic 50 percentage of all parts within 2 year since the announced date(3 November 1971) to be competitive and suspension establish motorcycle plants within 5 years from announced date(3 November 1971) to accomplish economy of scale.Until the end of the announcement in 1976 Thai Kawasaki Motor Co. ,Ltd established as the forth assembly plant. In 1977, the government bespeakd the existent motorcycle producer use at least 70 percent local anesthetic parts within 2 years. As for exp and and new factory essential use parts from local at least 70 percent since start the operation. Moreover, Industry ministry had a policy to assign motorcycle plants to produce motorcycle with cylinder capacity not exceeding 125 cc to meet the fatalitys of the market and to take advantage of economies of scale (Economy of Scale) as well.Table 1 Details of the motorcycle manufacturers in Thailand in 1977 Honda Suzuki Yamaha Kawazaki Total Capacity (unit per year) 49,920 87,360 72,000 25,000 234,280 Capital (million Baht) 20 18 9 5 52 Employment(person) 134 304 566 100 1,104 Source Bank of Thailand Second stage Began producing parts in 1978-1987 Localization In 1978 there was a prohibited import motorcycles and raised import tax to some particular motorcycle from 40 percent to 60 percent including transportation and insurance.The result of prohibited import and force to use parts inside country was the producers increase their capacity. In 1980 the meat capacity was 338,000 units per year which high 103,720 units per year from 1977. However, this policy provided producers with higher proceeds be because of not proper economy of scale and quality of parts in non standard. As the producers can choose types of part as they want so parts did not change and late improve. Therefore in 1984 the government allowed operators to use such parts gradually until 70 percent of the total value of the component in January 1986.In 1984 the government collected special tax for motorcycle that import in special case 20 percent of duty to be paid. It increase from the original import tax 60 percent of hurt and increased import duty from 30 percent to 40 percent. As for promoting the production of parts in the country, government regulations require that manufacturers of motorcycle must use crush systems following industry standard. They also allowed only factories that are promoted by Board of Investment (BOI) can expand a manufacturing plant or permission to establish a factory to produce engine cylinder capacity not exceeding 150 cc.The protection of motorcycle industry policy during this period lead to the production of motorcycles increased from 190,779 units in 1978 to 310,083 units in 1987 , with a total production capacity in 1986 was 480,000 units, including the production development and launch new style of motorcycle to market to have to a greater extent choices. Table 2 Details of the motorcycle manufacturers in Thailand in 1980 Honda Suzuki Yamaha Kawazaki Total Capacity (unit per year) 96,000 108,000 109,000 25,000 338,000 Rate of capacity consumption 70. 1 86. 5 95. 7 75. 8 84. 0 Capital (million Baht) 20 18 9 5 52 Employment(person)335 460 1,378 120 2,293 Source Bank of Thailand Third stage Producing important parts (1988-1997) Key Parts Supplier This period the government continued to enforce parts of the country are 70 percent of the total value of raw materials. The result promoting investment allowed manufacturers to use motor cycle engines produced in the country in 1989. In 1993 Board of Investment BOI promoted for 4-stroke motorcycles to help reduce contaminant from exhaust and in the first investment the company is Kajiwa Motorcycles C. ,Ltd, a joint venture with Italy, its annual production capacity of 70,000 units .Moreover, government began to take care of consumers public assistance by control price of motorcycle and protect monopoly. Government assigned producers must report production cost and procurement approach since 13 declination 1980 onwards The motorcycle industry continued to grow at a high rate. Until it can produce up to 1. 6 million units and capacity utilization rate reached 90. 4 percent in 1995, driven primarily by the demand for motorcycles both inside and outside the country. As well as the answer of the protection of the government helped Thai producer improve their capacity and ready to support the growth of demandForth stage Extending cooperation to the producers parts (19 98-2001) Agglomeration In this period, the manufacturers of all types of part occurred in Thailand. This included the types of electronic components. The manufacturers were not only the first Tier but also include the second tier. This made high competitive among the producers who produced the same types in same time they had to meet the QCD standard (Quality-Cost-Delivery). That was the producers must produce the quality with low cost and on time delivery.Consequently, 2001 Thailand motorcycle industry could produce one million units and consumed the local parts (Local intent) well-nigh 90 percent. In addition, government changed the policy of protecting domestic industry to require the products to be safe and do not destroy the environment. Fifth era export and research and development (RD) (2002 present) Late 1990s was the period that government rock-bottom the protection industry which was the result of a free trade agreement between the countries in 1996 revoked the ban on importing new motorcycle and canceled enforcement components produced domestically and un-enforced engine production in the country.In the fifth, Thailand became the production base of motorcycles in the region. Not only production to consume in country but also exported. In 2005, Thailand exported Complete built up (CBU) and Complete Knock d witness (CKD), including more than 1. 3 million units Furthermore, Japanese motorcycle manufacturers began to apply research and development, technology transfer from Japan to the recipients of investment, such as Thailand. One reason for the need to apply research and development was because during this time retailer price was strong.Therefore, in post to compete, manufacturers need to reduce production costs but the Japanese motorcycle manufacturers had strict production conditions that using quality raw material. This could lead to lower production costs by applied research and development to reduce the losses in the production process. Fi gure 1 Show the motorcycle industry, production, sale in the country and export in Thailand in 1972 2011. Market Analysis Market Size Total motorcycles sales for the domestic industry reached 2,130,041 units in 2012, of which 1,062,494 or 50% were AT motorcycles.Family motorcycle achieved sales of 981,865 units, accounting for 46% of total of sales last year followed by 32,726 units for on- and off-road types, accounting for 2% and 32,083 units for sport motorcycles, accounting for 2% and another 20,899 units of other types of motorcycles. Figure 2 Show market share by types of motorcycle Figure 3 demonstrates market share divided by motorcycle companies. Honda is the dominant player who possess market share 74% of the market. The second player is Yamaha gain 19%. For Suzuki and Kawasaki earn 3% and 2% respectively. other 2 percent belong to other brands including Triumph, Ducati and Tiger Figure 3 show market share base on players in the market Thailand Motorcycle is divided into two categories based on the expression which are Moped and Sport. Most motorcycles are moped with engine sizings from 100 to 125 cc while Sport got engine 250 cc. Thailand produces about 90 percent of Moped. The rest of the production is Sport type. It is consistent with sale of Moped are higher than Sport motorcycle. In 2004 Moped motorcycles were produced most 2. 86 million unit.Figure 4 Show production and sales of motorcycles in Thailand divided by type of vehicle in 1990 -2011 (in thousand units). Source TAI Market trend Thai motorcycle industry already exists in Thailand 49 years since 1964. Product life cycle of motorcycle spend long time. Many are of the opinion that the Thai motorcycle market begins to a stage of saturation, but it has not lowered competition among manufacturers. On the contrary, the competition is as fierce as ever despite the small number of major(ip) players compared to the automobile market.This situation encourages the players have to launch new inter esting product on the time. Fashion and lifestyle are used to create emotional though the products. Many motorcycle companies try to adapt themselves to set consumers to get beyond function of motorcycle but show consumers lifestyle. Thailand is a country with a large market size motorcycle. The holding motorcycle proportion is 4 people per vehicle. The current version of the motorcycle in Thailand has begun to be economic model. The opportunity to expand the domestic market began to decline. Current sales are the purchased to replace old vehicles.This may result in decline business leader to attract investment to Thai motorcycle industry. Situation of Thai Motorcycle Industry From the 1990s onwards the motorcycle market in Thailand continued grew. Until the economic crisis in Thailand in 1997 (Asian financial crisis or Tom yum kung crisis) made motorcycle sales volume decreased significantly. The sales originally sold about 1 million vehicles per year, and dropped to about half m illion in 1998. Nevertheless, only 2-3 years subsequently the economic crisis, the motorcycle market the sales volume increased continuously in 2001 sold about 907,100 units and 1.3 millions later in the next year. The volume of sales back to the original level before the economic crisis of the countrys motorcycle market is growing by the year 2005, the volume of sales to 2. 11 million vehicles most. For 2012, the sale climbed to 2. 13 million which was higher than 2005. In 2007-2009, the sales dropped due to great recession which attained the entire world economy. After the planetary recession, the sales continued to increase year by year. To increase sales motorcycle manufacturers try to promote sale with many ways. Figure 5 show sale volume of Thailand Motorcycle 1993-2012Strength and weakness of Thailand for investment in Motorcycle industry (compare to ASEAN country) Strength Weakness Public utility and transportation system are equipped Investment benefits received from the government Quality and technology motorcycle production base Law conducive to investment Market size is smaller and get in saturation stage Social and politic stability are decline Higher wage diddleage technician level aim Thai motorcycle industry has a lot of strength over competitors. The manufacturers are convenient doing business and operation.Although labor costs are higher than other neighbor countries, other entire strength can reduce the other costs such as management cost, business operation, transportation, and distribution costs. Thai motorcycle market also provides sufficient standard quality for exporting to developed countries such as Japan, USA, and UK. At this point Thailand should respect the standard and improve the existing strengths. In term of develop public utility and transport system, although Thailand are quite ready, other neighbor countries also continuously improve particularly Indonesia and Vietnam.There are probably in the future both countries wi ll replace this advantage. Thailand should correct the weakness particularly maintain social and political stability. It becomes the major issues which affect the investors confidence including countrys direction in short and long term. In term of labor issue, they should improve skill of labor to compensate with higher wage. As Thai motorcycle market get into saturation stage however they can expand investment to export in order to maintain the motorcycle production base for the future. Five Force Model AnalysisIndustry Competitors and Intensity of Rivalries Rivalry among competitors in the motorcycle industry is relatively intense. plot of land each major competitor has its own market niche, price discounting, new product introductions, advertising campaigns, and innovations in motorcycle technology consistently fuel rivalry between firms. Rather than competing based on price, the major players in the motorcycle industry tend to compete based on serve and features. Each major co mpany offers different types of products targeted to different consumer segments.There is a high level of differentiation between classes of products and brands, causing high turn costs for consumers. Accessories and parts are produced for one limited brand. In addition, margins are not low, and the product is not perishable. Because of these factors, competition does not tend to gravitate towards price as much as other factors. Even though price is not the main basis of competition in the motorcycle industry, the intensity of competition is very high. The industry is still of five distinct leaders, each of which is large and has high brand equity.Because the industry lacks a definitive leader, rivals end up poaching each others business. Additionally, the sheer number of competitors in the market in addition the main five creates an abundance of purchasing options for the consumer and cause heavy competition. Rivals in the motorcycle industry have diverse approaches and ideas on how to compete. While one company might believe that adding new features to their products will help boost sales, another company might believe that increasing speed capabilities will be more beneficial. Another company might believe that offering easy financing is the key. Bargaining motive of Suppliers.A number of motorcycle manufacturers involved in the industry in such a way that the pyramids upside down and the motorcycle manufacturers and parts suppliers are link up to link backwards (Backward Linkage Effect) Motorcycle productions of Japanese manufacturers in Thailand (Big 4) are the leaders of the market including Japanese producers parts. Thai producers parts are 15 percent of the value of purchasing all the parts of the motorcycle. The producers must have potential to produce to meet QCD standard. For local content, it build that Japanese manufacturers use more than 90 percent of material and electronic parts from Japan.For the 1st Tier of part manufacturers are mid-si zed businesses and joint ventures with foreigners who mostly are Japanese. In the 1990s, these are called OEM12 production until mid- 1990 onwards, as manufacturers of motorcycle parts can purchased from other foreign countries with cheaper price. This pressure affect on the first tier manufacturers to improve efficiency of product design and development capabilities. For the 2nd and 3rd Tier of producer parts are small enterprise owned by Thai people. technology in capable of producing is quite low.The manufacturers in this group will sell parts to the first tier, including one for a replacement (REM14) both topically and abroad. Bargaining Power of Customers The vast majority of the motorcycle industrys customer group consists of individual consumers. Motorcycle customers are only mildly price sensitive. Since a motorcycle is a relatively pricey item and therefore a significant fraction of income, buyers are likely to seek a brotherly price. Also, since motorcycles are usually a luxury purchase, the intention to buy one indicates the willingness to spend a significant amount of money.More importantly, customers are much more sensitive to quality and brand image than price. A motorcycle purchase is a reflection of ones identity and influences how others perceive them. Threat of newly Entrants The maturity, large number of competitors, and high capital requirements needed to enter the motorcycle industry make it a fairly unattractive industry for new competitors to enter. A more complete and detailed analysis of the seven barriers to entry will show the motorcycle industry to be a hostile, unreceptive environment for new entrants. As a mature industry, current competitors enjoy the benefits resulting from economies of scale.Established motorcycle producers have the luxury of lower costs per unit because they can allocate their frozen costs to a larger number of products. New entrants do not have as large of a demand and must distribute their costs over a smaller quantity. Because of this, individual costs per unit are larger, resulting in a higher product price. Besides the difficulty new entrants scrape in attracting customers, another deterrent to entry are the high capital requirements demanded by the industry. Characteristic of a mature industry, price is no longer a differentiating factor among similar product offerings by different competitors.Leaders in the motorcycle industry, such as Yamaha, now differentiate their products by providing high-value-added products at their own dealerships. For new entrants to enter the market and take away current market share from existing competitors, high capital investments in infrastructure, dealerships, development of new products, and promotions targeting specific customer segments are required. High capital requirements, increasing demand, and specialized products are factors contributing to the high barriers to exit the industry.Current competitors holding the majority of the market share are hesitant to leave the industry because of the positive industry outconstruction and niche markets each have carved out for themselves. With few companies leaving the industry, it leaves very few market segments untapped and on hand(predicate) to new entrants. Substitutes When analyzing the competitive threats on the motorcycle industry as a whole, the motorcycle trade association members must keep in mind three main substitutes of motorcycles bicycles, undersized cars, and public transportation. Each of these substitutes can be further broken down into subcategories.Each category is considered a substitute for motorcycles because it either satisfies at least one of three costumer needs that motorcycles satisfy, or it gives the costumer something that motorcycles do not offer. Though the levels of threats pose by each category of substitute differ greatly, the motorcycle trade association members must be sure to address each of them when deciding where to go from here. Most importantly, keep in mind that these threats are ever present, and if the divers(a) motorcycle manufacturers do not act soon, they will risk losing customers throughout the advent years.First of all, it is important to understand what motorcycles do for buyers because this sets up a framework for the underlying motivation behind the purchase of any type of motorcycle. Since the motorcycle industry is responsible for designing and manufacturing about seven different kinds of motorcycles, or other automatic two-wheel vehicles, several customer needs are met by each category means of transportation, low fuel costs, environmentally friendliness, recreational activity, and cool factor. In addition, we will analyze another factor that motorcycles lack compared to potential substitutes safety.Bicycles are also a threat to the motorcycle industry based on a few critical factors. First, as two-wheel transportation vehicles, they are similar in basic function to motorcycles, satisfyi ng the consumer need of basic transportation from point A to point B. The reason why bicycles make viable alternatives to motorcycles is related to the consumers need to spend less money. Bicycle owners incur zero gas mileage costs, making this alternative the most environmentally friendly option. To be technical, the only real costs associated with bicycles are the upfront purchase, maintenance, optional accessories, and human labor.In addition, bicycles satisfy the consumers need for recreational activity similar to motorcycles. Anyone from the sightly consumer to the avid biker can use a bicycle as an alternative means of outdoor recreation. Compact cars and hybrids (Eco car) are the final and most influential assortment of substitutes that pose an immediate threat to the motorcycle industry. Overall, both types of cars present high switching costs to the consumers. For the consumer who is interested in switching to a motorcycle, high switching costs could be a highly motivatin g factor to not buy a motorcycle at all.Hybrids are primarily substitutes because they satisfy the customers need for a fuel-efficient mode of transportation. For many consumers, increased safety is a motivating factor in purchase a compact car over a motorcycle Public Transportation can be one alternative for travel to destination such as boat, taxi, BTS, and bus. People would like to take public transportation to help them in many advantages. For example, in Bangkok traffic is so jam. People actually prefer BTS or MRT to travel to avoid traffic as well as more convenience.Another example is people who avoid hot weather and want to keep their appearance during the way to go to office. They might prefer taxi instead of motorcycle. Key Success Factors 1. Quality Quality is a key in this industry because it is vehicles that need safety. The manufacturer must comply with required product standards. A key success factor for a firm operating in this industry is their ability to design a nd develop products that comply with legal standards. Products that do not meet standards are not able to be sold on the market 2. Design.Consumers tend to focus on design and feature which suitable with their lifestyle. The manufacturers attempt to offer new products to serve with every life style especially, automatic motorcycle. Motorcycle Companies do research in studying consumer behavior to know what consumers prefer and focus what consumer need. 3. Technology and save energy In this economic situation, people tend to look for the most worth product. Manufacturers should keep abreast of latest technological advances in various components and parts, as well as technical and performance characteristics. 4. statistical distribution center.Distribution center or show room is the one that open way to consumer easily access purchase. This is the reason why companies improve image of dealer show room around country. They also increase number of store into small city because in small cities people still need to use motorcycle in daily life. As well as develop the show room to be one stop service which can serve after sale service. 5. After sale service and activities Many consumer give importance to the after sale service because motorcycle is durable goods that consume time to use. near consumers use their motorcycle more than 5 years.After sale service include service mind, price, and time of taking care as well as parts to repair. For the activities, this topic includes consumer relationship and sale promotion because it is important factor that motivate consumer buy the products. Point of purchase plays important role such as low down payment, free 1 baht gold and zero percent installment payment. Factor that affect change 1. Minimum wage Thai government announced the policy to increase minimum wage to be 300 baht. This increase wage cost 80% of average minimum wage. This policy is very significant to Thai labor market.It provides both advantages and disadv antages. For the advantage, the policy help all labors in Thailand earn more income. Human being gets better because people have more money and they can spend a lot in the market including purchasing new motorcycle. As a result to number of sale in 2012 were more than 2. 1 million units However, there is also drawback. The manufactures have to pay more cost including wage and also more expensive parts. Price of parts are getting higher particularly middle size and small size because of small economy of scale 2. Technology Technology is one factor that affects change of the motorcycle industry.As for Honda, the market leader change motor of all models to be fuel injection system since 2008. Honda change production line to serve this innovation. This affects all players to change as well. Yamaha is the second player who changes to fuel injection system to be 62 percent and carburettor still use 38%. So, Yamaha sent the first automatic injection was spark 135i. For the second model, Y amaha tried to serve woman need. They launched Fiore which uses automatic engine with a genius injectiontechnology YMJET and DiASil Cylinder that make it less fuel consumption. While Suzuki also produce with electronic petrol injection.Therefore, the players in this industry have to improve all the time and do research and development in order to offer the better solution to consumers. 3. Disaster effect After Thailand has suffered with big flood in 2011, Thai motorcycle industry is one industry that gets direct effect from this situation. Factories have got damage in many areas. They have to bump their factory and create protect system to cope for unexpected disaster. However, it did not affect much to sale because consumers want to buy new motorcycle to replace the damage one. Sale of whole market tends to increase as trend.4. Economic In this economic situation, people tend to save money and careful in spending. World economic is also unstable. The causes are from many effects s uch as public debt in EU. US economic has not recovery all the same and fiscal cliff and world political. Back to consider Thai economic, cost of living keep increasing. Consequently, people are carful in spending. They will study instruction and get involve to consider before buy product particularly motorcycle. 5. AEC opening As Thai motorcycle industry is in saturation stage, the leader players try to go to other country in AEC.The motorcycle producers will use Thai as production base and export to our neighbor countries. This issue encourages Thai have to improve themselves especially skill workers both technician and language skill. Table 3 shows the potential if the motorcycle manufacturers want to run business in each country. Table 3 Population, income, number of motorcycles in the ASEAN Country Number of resident in 2009(million) Income per person to the purchasing power between countries 2009 (US$).Number of motorcycle (thousand) Number of persons holding one motorcycle Indonesia 243. 3 3,830 28,000 9 Philippine 92. 2 3,900 2,98331 Vietnam 87. 3 2,700 20,366 4 Thailand 67. 8 5,990 16,549 4 Myanmar 50. 0 1,290 1,630 31 Malaysia 28. 3 13,740 8,903 3 Cambodia 14. 8 1,820 75120 Laos 6. 3 2,060 n. a. n. a. Singapore 5. 1 47,940 147 35 Brunei 0. 4 50,200 12 33 Asean 596 4,520 80,000 (Round) 7 2008, 2007 Source Population Reference Bureau, CEI. undisturbed and calculated by Kasikorn Research Customer Analysis Customer is one of the most important drivers for business success. Most business try to serve goods and services according to customer wants and needs to meet the customer satisfaction and become well-known brand recognized.Moreover most of them are concern more about turn general customer to be their customer loyalty too. So, understand customer behavior is needed for business development. Consumer behavior An analysis of consumer behavior is impact by a host of variables ranging from personal, professional needs, attitudes and values, character characteristics, social economic and cultural back ground, age gender professional status to social influences of various kinds exerted a family, friends, colleagues, and society as a whole.The combination of these factors help the consumer in decision making further psychological factors that as individual consumer needs, motivation, perceptions, attitudes, the learning process, personality characteristics are the similarities which operates across the different types of people and influence their behavior. With competition in the motorcycle market continually increasing, understanding customers attitudes and behavior is critical to maintaining and growing market share and profitability.The conclusions of consumer behavior while buying motorcycle are 1. Maximum motorcycle users belong to 18 to 25 years age group and most of the users are college students and field workers. 2. Maximum motorcycle users belong to middle class and upper middle class segment 3. These are the reasons for buying two wheelers skilful mileage and convenience Business purpose Cost effective Comfort drive in crowd and easy parking College going purpose Short distance travel in city Affordable price.Personal vehicle 4. As far as mileage per liter of petrol is concerned. 5. Reasons for not buying scooter It has low mileage and low fuel efficiency. It has problem with controlling, balancing and breaking on speed. Old style and old fashion It is not good for long drive and not a comfortable drive. It doesnt match the young persons dynamic personality 6. Almost all the people give preference to stylish outlook, control, mileage, efficiency brand image before buying motorcycle.7. Television advertisement, road hoardings and road shows are the major source of information which affects motorcycle purchased. 8. Family members and friends are main initiator, for purchasing a motorcycle. 9. All the people are satisfied with the functioning of their motorcycle. 10. Regarding spare parts of motorc ycle, they are cheaper and readily available in the market.