Oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone :: essays research papers fc

Oxidation of Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone      The oxidisation of cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone involves the removal of hydrogen from the OH group. After separation and purification, an Infr bed Spectrum will be run to determine the composition of the healed material.     Infr ard Spectroscopy is a very powerful technique employ in the determination of molecular structure and the identification of unknown total materials. The infrared spectrum yields direct information about the presence or absence seizure of key functional groups. The region of the infrared spectrum which is of greatest interest to constitutional chemists is the wavelength range 2.5 to 15 micrometers which correspond to approximately 4000 to 600cm-1(Young). When atoms or molecules absorb light, the next muscle excites a quantized structure to a higher energy level. The type of excitation depends on the wavelength of the light. Electrons are promoted to higher orbirta ls by unseeable or visible light, vibrations are excited by infrared light, and rotations are excited by microwaves (Tissue).      IR spectroscopy is the measurement of the wavelength and intensity of the intentness of infrared light by a strain. The wavelength of IR absorption bands are characteristic of specific types of chemical bonds.     An IR spectrophotometer is an instrument which is designed to support an infrared spectra of a molecule. An IR spectra is obtained by first irradiating a sample with an IR source of light. The light passes through the sample, which can be in solution or contained within a salt plate, and then onto an IR light detector. The spectrum is analyzed by examining at which frequency the stops occur. Different salad days frequencies indicate different types of vibrational motion and hence, different types of chemical bonds. The peak intensities are usually noted as percent transmittance which compares the i nwardness of light absorbed compared to the amount of IR light that was not absorbed. The frequencies are normally listed in wave numbers (in units of reciprocal centimeters).Experiment     The oxidation of cyclohexanol by dichromate occurred in the presence of sulfuric acid which yielded cyclohexanone fit in to the balanced redox reaction below3 + Cr2O7-2 + 8H+ -- 3 + 2Cr+3 + 7H2OIn the presence of excess dichromate, cyclohexanol oxidizes to adipic acid. To maximize yield, the following reaction was prevented3 + 4Cr2O7-2 + 32H+ -- 3HOOC(CH2)4COOH + 8Cr+3 + 19H2OThe addition of methanol reduced the excess dichromate harmonize to the balanced redox reaction belowCH3OH + Cr2O7-2 + 8H+ -- CO2 + 2Cr+3 + 6H2Oretrieval of the ketone was by steam distillation collecting all