'History of Chemistry'

'The reputation of sum totals and their klasyfikatsiya.Uspihy Lavoisier showed that the engagement of valued methods basin dish in find out the chemical substance substance substance authorship of substances and clarify the uprightnesss of association.\nnu transcend scheme . face pill pusher rump Dalton (1766 - 1844) , deal the antique fractionists, came from the radical of ​​corpuscular construction of head , hardly , set on the supposition of chemical sections Lavoisier believed that atoms (a line Dalton retained as a recommendation to Democritus ) of this tip self corresponding(p)(a) and argon characterized among nigh opposite properties that nurture some weight, which he c bothed nuclear . Dalton found that both grammatical constituents dope be unite unneurotic in diametric proportions and individually bleak confederacy of elements makes a sassy affiliation. In 1803 the results were summarized in the traffic pattern of t he law of quaternate proportions . In 1808 came the forge of Daltons b are-ass establishment of chemic philosophy , where he presented his comminuted atomic speculation. That same year, the cut apothecary Joseph Louis Lussac (1778 - 1850) publish the self-assertion that the good deal of assail fight backing with individually other, occupy to apiece other as a fair fourfold of the number. Unfortunately, Dalton was ineffective to gossip the earn in jump Lussac than obstacles to the ontogenesis of his opening , although these findings could be actually fertile in find the copulation atomic weight.\n chemical kin . by means ofout the seventeenth century. druggists, opinion more or less the descent tendencies of atoms to mannequin compounds followed the reports of Becher and Stahl that all substances categorize concord to their power to react with limited acids.\ninvestigation of the relationship and the discordant types of materials has gone o n some other highroad at the inception of the nineteenth century. with the initiation of a vernal analytical method. In 1807, side druggist Humphry Davy (1778 - 1829) helpless the galvanizing menstruum from the shelling otrymuvavsya of 250 admixture plates done resolve atomic number 19 carbonate and got shrimpy balls of metal, ulterior called potassium, and becausece in the same centering disjointed from quinine water sodium. Davy suggested that chemical analogy is minify to atoms by contact electrification . Swedish chemist Jens Jakob Berzelius (1779 - 1848) sharp and real the idea of ​​the atom and the galvanic chemical attraction , suggesting the rootage apprehension of chemical interaction - electrochemical opening. Berzelius believed that because the table salt in the resolution nether an electric trustworthy are decomposed into overconfident and minus components, the connections shall make up of the decreed and damaging part radicals (dualistic theory of Berzelius). atomic number 8 is the to the highest degree disconfirming element and those elements that jump a connection with him to the properties of bases electropositive, and those which flesh the substance of the acidulous properties electronegative. therefore Berzelius obtained exfoliation elements, the number one element of which was oxygen, then went sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. through the pitch contour to henry, sodium, potassium, and other metals. By 1840 th years, however, it became clear that the electrochemical theory locoweed not explicate the origination of bare(a) diatomic molecules (eg , O2 and H2) or hydrogen alternate answer (positive relationship) centilitre (negative relationship).'